{"id":6646,"date":"2020-11-11T18:09:20","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T15:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/?p=6646"},"modified":"2020-11-11T18:09:20","modified_gmt":"2020-11-11T15:09:20","slug":"birinci-dunya-savasinin-ustunden-102-yil-gecti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/birinci-dunya-savasinin-ustunden-102-yil-gecti\/","title":{"rendered":"Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden 102 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti"},"content":{"rendered":"

ANKARA (AA) – Milyonlarca sivil ve askerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, bir\u00e7ok devletin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na ve bir\u00e7o\u011funun da kurulmas\u0131na neden olan\u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>sona ermesinden bu yana 102 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7isi Gavrilo Princip’in, 28 Haziran 1914’te Saraybosna’y\u0131 ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Veliahd\u0131 Franz Ferdinand ve e\u015fi Sophie’yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n fitilini ate\u015fledi.<\/p>\n

“Tarihin ilk k\u00fcresel sava\u015f\u0131” olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en 40 \u00fclke ve kolonilerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa merkezli sava\u015f, 28 Temmuz 1914’te ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Milyonlarca sivil ve askerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve yaralanmas\u0131na neden olan sava\u015f 1918’de imzalanan ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131yla sona erdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya’n\u0131n merkezde oldu\u011fu \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Avusturya – Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u0130ttifak Devletleri’nin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi sava\u015ftan \u0130tilaf Devletleri galibiyetle ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD’nin sava\u015fa girmesiyle biti\u015f s\u00fcreci h\u0131zlanan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sonucunda 17 milyon ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken, yakla\u015f\u0131k 21 milyon ki\u015fi de yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya siyasi haritas\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim<\/h3>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin 6,6 milyonunu sivil kay\u0131plar olu\u015ftururken, sava\u015fta yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon asker de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. G\u00fcnde ortalama 6 bin ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 65 milyon asker seferber edildi.<\/p>\n

Tarihin o zamana kadar kaydetti\u011fi en kanl\u0131 sava\u015flardan biri olan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 imzalanan yeni anla\u015fmalarla imparatorluklar y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yeni devlet kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin temelinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 o s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Avusturya, Macaristan, Polonya, Litvanya, Estonya, Ukrayna, Yugoslavya ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti gibi yeni devletler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla beraber, siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan s\u0131n\u0131r ihtilaflar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ekonomik buhran<\/h3>\n

\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik maliyetle yap\u0131lan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel bunal\u0131m\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

ABD haricinde, t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler taraf\u0131ndan tahakkuk eden bor\u00e7lar, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ekonomik d\u00fcnyay\u0131 takip etti. \u0130\u015fsizlik artt\u0131 ve enflasyon ya\u015fam maliyetini \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6rece ekonomik refah d\u00f6nemini aniden sona erdirerek, onu 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomik sefaletle de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 salg\u0131n ve k\u0131tl\u0131k<\/h3>\n

Tarihte en \u00e7ok zayiat verilen 5’inci sava\u015f olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ve 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcren Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu ise sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar, salg\u0131n ve k\u0131tl\u0131k olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f ortam\u0131ndaki k\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k refah i\u00e7inde olan Avrupa ba\u015fkentlerini eritirken, en \u00e7ok a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken ise Rusya oldu.<\/p>\n

Milyonlarca sivil ve asker de sava\u015f\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130spanyol gribi salg\u0131n\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu askeri zayiat<\/h3>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan erken ayr\u0131lan Rusya 1 milyon 800 bin, ma\u011flup Almanya ise 1 milyon 700 bin ile sava\u015fta en \u00e7ok asker kaybeden iki \u00fclke oldu. Bu iki \u00fclkeyi, sava\u015fta 1 milyon 350 bin askerini kaybeden Fransa izledi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin ortalama 500 bin askerini kaybetti\u011fi sava\u015fta, m\u00fcttefiki Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 1 milyon 200 bin askerini kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesine bir y\u0131l kala \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan ABD, bir y\u0131lda 116 bin askerini kaybederken, 4 y\u0131l boyunca kolonileriyle beraber sava\u015fan \u0130ngiltere 800 bin kadar askeri zayiat verdi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ANKARA (AA) – Milyonlarca sivil ve askerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, bir\u00e7ok devletin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na ve bir\u00e7o\u011funun da kurulmas\u0131na neden olan\u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n\u00a0sona ermesinden bu yana 102 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7isi Gavrilo Princip’in, 28 Haziran 1914’te Saraybosna’y\u0131 ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Veliahd\u0131 Franz Ferdinand ve e\u015fi Sophie’yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n fitilini ate\u015fledi. “Tarihin ilk k\u00fcresel sava\u015f\u0131” olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en 40 \u00fclke ve kolonilerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa merkezli sava\u015f, 28 Temmuz 1914’te ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Milyonlarca sivil ve askerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve yaralanmas\u0131na neden olan sava\u015f 1918’de imzalanan ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131yla sona erdi. \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya’n\u0131n merkezde oldu\u011fu \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2238,2237,2236,2234,2239,2228,2240,2235],"class_list":["post-6646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-aclik","tag-asker","tag-avrupa-merkezli-savas","tag-birinci-dunya-savasi","tag-kitlik","tag-savas","tag-sivil-kayiplar","tag-tarihin-ilk-kuresel-savasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6646\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}