{"id":23843,"date":"2024-03-05T22:04:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T22:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/?p=23843"},"modified":"2024-03-06T15:12:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T15:12:39","slug":"ingilterenin-mali-kurallari-nedir-ve-obr-neden-saldiri-altinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/ingilterenin-mali-kurallari-nedir-ve-obr-neden-saldiri-altinda\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ngiltere’nin ‘mali kurallar\u0131’ nedir ve OBR neden sald\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131nda?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maliye Bakan\u0131 Jeremy Hunt’n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda bir kambur olarak nitelendirilen OBR, se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi b\u00fcy\u00fck vergi indirimlerini reddederse, Muhafazakar milletvekillerinin \u00e7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanacak b\u00fct\u00e7ede hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

Liz Truss’un ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yo\u011fun ele\u015ftirilere maruz kalan Hazine’nin vergi ve harcama denet\u00e7isi B\u00fct\u00e7e Sorumluluk Ofisi (OBR) bir kez daha ele\u015ftiri oklar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi oldu.<\/p>\n

OBR nedir ve neden bu kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

George Osborne taraf\u0131ndan 2010\u2019da kurulan OBR’nin g\u00f6revi, Hazine’den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u0130ngiltere ekonomisi ve kamu maliyesine ili\u015fkin analizler sunmak. Normalde ilkbahar b\u00fct\u00e7esi ya da sonbahar a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla birlikte olmak \u00fczere y\u0131lda iki kez be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k tahminler \u00fcretmekle g\u00f6revli.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta OBR, Osborne taraf\u0131ndan Muhafazak\u00e2rlar\u0131n hesaplar\u0131 dengeleme konusundaki kesin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi’ne kar\u015f\u0131 partisini ekonominin en g\u00fcvenilir temsilcileri olarak g\u00f6stermeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak Muhafazak\u00e2r \u00e7evrelerde giderek artan bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc vergi ve harcama politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f siyasetin solundaki baz\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan da benimseniyor. Truss’un mini b\u00fct\u00e7esinde OBR’yi bir kenara itmesi, mali piyasalarda ya\u015fanan \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn nedenlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterildi ve istemeden de olsa OBR’nin konumunu daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n

Peki nedir bu ‘mali kurallar’?<\/h4>\n

Maliye Bakan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar asl\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin koydu\u011fu mali kurallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kendi kendini dayat\u0131yor. OBR, bu kurallara uyulup uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmekle g\u00f6revli, ancak Hunt bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmeyi se\u00e7ebilir veya bunun yerine yeni bir mali kurallar dizisi belirleyebilir.<\/p>\n

The Guardian<\/a>‘da yer alan analize g\u00f6re; Birincil hedef, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tahminin son y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet borcunun GSYH’nin y\u00fczdesi olarak d\u00fc\u015fmesi. Ayr\u0131ca bor\u00e7lanman\u0131n – y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n – ayn\u0131 zaman diliminde GSYH’nin %3’\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fmamas\u0131 ve belirli yard\u0131mlar i\u00e7in harcanan miktar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir refah s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in de kurallar var.<\/p>\n

Ancak ekonomistler, \u0130ngiltere’nin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc zay\u0131f kalmaya devam ederken, y\u00fcksek bor\u00e7lanma maliyetleri ve ya\u015flanan n\u00fcfusun kamu hizmetlerine olan talebinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte bu kurallara uyman\u0131n zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomiye oran\u0131, 2008 mali krizi ve Covid salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla artarak GSYH’nin %96,5’i gibi halihaz\u0131rda y\u00fcksek bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki ya ‘bo\u015fluk pay\u0131’?<\/h4>\n

Mali kurallar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011fi marj genellikle Maliye Bakan\u0131’n\u0131n “bo\u015fluk pay\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Milletvekilleri bunu genellikle vergi indirimleri veya daha y\u00fcksek harcamalar i\u00e7in mevcut alan olarak yorumluyor; bu, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00fcrekli olarak birincil mali kural\u0131na \u00e7arpmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelse bile.<\/p>\n

Bakan\u0131n se\u00e7enekleri neler?<\/h4>\n

Hunt ana mali kural\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmeyi se\u00e7ebilir ya da yerine yeni hedefler a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet mali kurallar\u0131n\u0131 1990’larda ilk kez uygulamaya koyuldu\u011fundan bu yana dokuz kez de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve 2010’dan bu yana yedi farkl\u0131 set olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Bu kurallar en son Kas\u0131m 2022’de Hunt taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcre \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan be\u015f y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Institute for Government adl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015funa g\u00f6re, \u0130ngiltere’nin mali kurallar\u0131, analiz etti\u011fi 35 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden \u00f6nce en k\u0131sa \u00f6mre sahip.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maliye Bakan\u0131 Jeremy Hunt’n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda bir kambur olarak nitelendirilen OBR, se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi b\u00fcy\u00fck vergi indirimlerini reddederse, Muhafazakar milletvekillerinin \u00e7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanacak b\u00fct\u00e7ede hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131na neden olabilir. Liz Truss’un ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yo\u011fun ele\u015ftirilere maruz kalan Hazine’nin vergi ve harcama denet\u00e7isi B\u00fct\u00e7e Sorumluluk Ofisi (OBR) bir kez daha ele\u015ftiri oklar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi oldu. OBR nedir ve neden bu kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr? George Osborne taraf\u0131ndan 2010\u2019da kurulan OBR’nin g\u00f6revi, Hazine’den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u0130ngiltere ekonomisi ve kamu maliyesine ili\u015fkin analizler sunmak. Normalde ilkbahar b\u00fct\u00e7esi ya da sonbahar a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla birlikte olmak \u00fczere y\u0131lda iki kez be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k tahminler \u00fcretmekle g\u00f6revli. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta OBR, Osborne taraf\u0131ndan Muhafazak\u00e2rlar\u0131n hesaplar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ingiltere","category-is-dunyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23843"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23843\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/by-tv.co.uk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}